Higher bandwidth, faster bandwidth...

 I believe you have seen a lot of new features of Wi-Fi 6 in the advertisements of various router manufacturers, and today I will introduce you in detail what Wi-Fi 6 is stronger than Wi-Fi 5. The Wi-Fi 6 is the sixth and latest upgrade of this wireless technology. Wi-Fi 6 has been improved and optimized in terms of modulation, coding, and multi-user concurrency, and is more focused on application, user experience, and overall optimization of the wireless environment than speed enhancement. It is more suitable for the scenario of multiple Wi-Fi terminals and applications popularization at this stage. At this stage, there are many kinds of terminals and applications, such as video applications and instant messaging applications, so there are more and more cases of multiple concurrent and short messages in the wireless scenario, and the early Wi-Fi protocols do not have technical advantages for this scenario. In comparison, Wi-Fi 5 is only 6.9Gbps, and the speed of a single spatial stream at 80MHz has increased from 433Mbps to 600.4Mbps. Today, I will introduce to you in detail, compared with Wi-Fi 5, Wi-Fi 6 is actually stronger in what aspects. 01. 1024-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) 1024-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is a modulation method, the so-called modulation is the process of converting electrical signals into radio waves, and the opposite is called demodulation, the more advanced the modulation method, the higher the data density in the conversion process. QAM coding uses a two-dimensional (dot matrix) modulation method, and the actual application of QAM value is 2 to the Nth power. For example, 64-QAM, 64 is the 6th power of 2, so it can transmit 6 bits of data at a time; Wi-Fi 5 supports the highest modulation of 256-QAM, so Wi-Fi 5 can carry 8 bits of data information at a time, and Wi-Fi 6 supports the highest modulation of 1024-QAM, so Wi-Fi 6 can carry 10 bits at a time, and by using By using 1024-QAM, the physical layer negotiation rate of Wi-Fi 6 is increased by 25%. 02. Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) MU-MIMO is also one of the new features introduced in Wi-Fi 6, which allows APs to communicate with multiple terminals simultaneously and in parallel. Wi-Fi 6 adds uplink MU-MIMO to Wi-Fi 5's downlink MU-MIMO, while WIFI 5's MU-MIMO is only applicable to downloads. At the same time, the maximum support of 4×4 downlink MU-MIMO in Wi-Fi 5 is increased to 8×8 uplink and downlink MU-MIMO, which supports sending data to 8 terminals at the same time, increasing the capacity of downlink by 2 times and uplink by 8 times compared to Wi-Fi 5, thus significantly increasing the total wireless access capacity. Specifically, the SU-MIMO router signal is generally a circular ring, generally with the router as the center of the circle to send signals outward, according to the distance and other relations (not in the absolute sense of distance, but more in terms of signal quality, etc.), in order to communicate with Internet devices individually. When too many devices are connected, there will be a situation where the devices are waiting for communication, and network jams will occur. The signal of MU-MIMO routing is divided into multiple parts in three dimensions: time domain, frequency domain, and airspace, as if multiple different signals are sent at the same time. MU-MIMO-enabled routers can work with multiple devices at the same time; in particular, it is worth mentioning that since multiple signals do not interfere with each other, resources can be maximized. 03. OFDMA Technology OFDMA technology divides the wireless channel into multiple sub-channels (sub-carriers) in the frequency domain to form a single RF resource unit, and when users transmit data, the data will be carried on each resource unit instead of occupying the entire channel as in Wi-Fi 4/5 (using OFDM technology). OFDM modulation is based on the principle of slicing the channel into subcarriers, but the subcarriers within a single channel must be used simultaneously, while OFDMA modulation goes a step further by dividing the existing 802.11 channel (20, 40, 80 and 160 MHz widths) into smaller channels with a fixed number of subcarriers, and further assigning specific sets of subcarriers to individual STAs to serve multiple users simultaneously. By using OFDMA technology, multiple terminals can transmit simultaneously in parallel in each time slot without waiting in line and competing with each other, which improves efficiency, increases the density of wireless access, and reduces the waiting delay in line. 04. BSS coloring technology BSS coloring technology can realize more synchronous transmission, that is, AP can identify two APs and terminal devices that are not far apart but not adjacent to each other, and can realize wireless concurrent transmission at the same time without affecting each other. It is used to solve the problem of concurrent bursts of different APs on the same channel. Before sending data, traditional transmission mechanism will listen to the wireless channel to see if there are other APs transmitting data, and if so, avoid them first and wait for the next time period. This means that when multiple APs are working on the same channel, the capacity of the network is significantly reduced because they take turns to communicate individually. BBS coloring mechanism will add 6bits of BSS Color in the data header to specify different APs, so that when the router or device detects that the channel is occupied before sending data, it will first check the "occupied" BSS Color to determine whether it is the same AP's network, if not, then there is no need to avoid it, thus allowing multiple APs to operate on the same channel and intelligently manage the simultaneous parallel transmission of multiple users. 05. Target Wake Time (TWT) Target Wake Time (TWT) allows devices to negotiate when and how often they wake up to send or receive data, a feature that increases device sleep time and significantly extends the battery life of mobile and IoT devices. This service can reduce the power consumption of Wi-Fi 6 enabled terminals. Many devices now consume a lot of power when connected to WIFI, especially IOT devices that use batteries. Reduce the competition and conflict between users, significantly improve the STA sleep time, and save power consumption. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)